News for Healthier Living

New HFSA Scientific Statement Provides Practical Guidance for Managing Heart Failure with Mildly Reduced Ejection Fraction

A new Scientific Statement from the Heart Failure Society of America (HFSA) challenges longstanding ambiguity in the classification and treatment of heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF), emphasizing that it should be recognized as a distinct and clinically meaningful condition, rather than a borderline category.

April 22, 2026

April 26 2026

• Why Pricier Olive Oil May Be Better For Your Brain

April 25 2026

• Your Internal Signal to Stop Eating is More Complex Than Previously Thought

April 24 2026

• Anti-Vaping Advertisements and Lung Injury News Coverage Helped Reverse Trend in Teen Vaping
• Former Tobacco Executive Takes CDC Role
• New Plan Could Speed Medicare Coverage for Innovative Devices
• Heated Socks Sold at Costco Recalled After Burn Reports
• First Measles Case of the Year Reported in New Jersey
• New Study Finds Treating Anhedonia Yields Better Outcomes for Depression and Anxiety
• New Guidelines Highlight Behavioral Therapy For Insomnia
• Playing Pretend Provides Unexpected Benefits For Growing Kids
• These Fun Pursuits Help Middle-Aged Folks Protect Brain Health, Study Finds
• Eye Photos Might Offer Early Warning Of Chronic Health Problems, AI Study Finds
• New Survey Estimates 8 Million Americans Used Psilocybin in 2024
• Does Motherhood Shield You From Stroke?
• Why Working Out Hungover in the Heat May Be Risky
• Men and Women May Differ in How Fitness Level Is Linked to Gut Microbiome Diversity
• Could a New Tool for Diabetes Treatment Be Hiding in Your Spice Cabinet?
• Obesity Decreases Lung Function in Older Adults
• Social Media 'Sweet Spot' for Aussie Teens

April 23 2026

• Cedars-Sinai Unveils Bold New Mural in Marina del Rey
• Opioids for Dental Pain Still More Common in U.S.
• Can Wearable Technology Detect the Earliest Signs of Autism in Infants? New Study Seeks to Find Out
• Washington's Hepatitis C Elimination Initiative Expanded Access to Testing and Treatment While Reducing Per-Patient Costs, UW-Led Study Finds
• Novel Tool More Accurately Predicts Risk of Li-Fraumeni Syndrome
• Leg-Lengthening Surgery Gives 7-Year-Old Boy New Hope for the Future
• IU School of Optometry Vision Screenings Improve Eyesight for Thousands of Children and Athletes
• New U.S. Estimates of Sepsis in Kids Point to Urgent Need to Reduce High Mortality Rates
• Why Men Still Aren't Talking About Testicular Cancer -- and Why That Needs to Change
• Why Men Still Aren't Talking About Testicular Cancer -- and Why That Needs to Change
• FLAG-Based Regimen Delivers Strong Outcomes in Subtype of Acute Myeloid Leukemia
• Elevate Health Technologies Deepens Partnership with Las Vegas Neurology Center--Enabling Patients to Access Specialty Medications at the Physician Site of Care
• Long-Acting HIV Shots Appeal to Many but Uptake Remains Low
• The Medical Minute: Your Daughter's First Gynecological Visit: A Parent's Guide
• Drop in NIH Funding Delays Thousands of Studies
• U.K. Plans To Ban Cigarette Sales for Future Generations
• 988 Hotline Leads to Fewer Suicides Among Young People, Study Finds
• Vitamin D May Help Prevent Diabetes, Depending on Your Genes
• Most Americans Worried About Brain Health, But Few Know How To Protect It
• Gene Cure For Inherited Deafness Effective, Long Lasting, Clinical Trial Finds
• ER Study Finds Major Gaps in Measles Immunity
• IVF 'Add On' Procedure Doesn't Work, Evidence Review Concludes
• Website Helps Dementia Patients And Caregivers Bond, Reminisce
• AI, Robotics and Motion-Preserving Implants Expand Spine Surgery Options for Patients
• New Treatment Improves Survival for Aggressive Breast Cancer
• New Research Sheds Light on How Precancerous Lesions Form in the Pancreas
• Severe Strokes Linked to 5 Times Higher Dementia Risk
• UC San Diego Study Links Diabetes to Early Alzheimer's-related Changes in the Blood of Latino Adults

April 22 2026

• Candidate Breast Cancer Drug Overloads Tumors with "Surge" of Toxic Lipids
• CHLA Experts to Showcase New Research at 2026 Pediatric Academic Societies Meeting
• New HFSA Scientific Statement Provides Practical Guidance for Managing Heart Failure with Mildly Reduced Ejection Fraction
• How Innovation Is Shaping the Future of Transplant Care
• AACR 2026: Roswell Park Researchers Define a Mechanism Driven Strategy for Targeting p53 Mutant Cancers
• Medical Mystery Leads Father of 2 to Cedars-Sinai
• Mayo Clinic Research Supports Targeted Therapy to Manage Kidney Complications, Potentially Enabling Continuation of Lifesaving Immunotherapy
• IBS Treatment Response Predicted by Gut Microbiome in New Study
• New Clues to Hepatitis B Species Restriction Could Help Build a Novel Model for Studying Infection and Testing Therapies
• Virtual vs. In-Person Visits for New Neurology Patients and the Impact on Future Care
• In Epilepsy, Poor Sleep Associated with Dementia
• CDC Report on COVID Vaccine Blocked From Publication
• Moderna Starts Large Bird Flu Study Despite Earlier HHS Funding Loss
• RFK Jr. Won't Commit to CDC Nominee's Vaccine Decisions
• Pentagon Drops Flu Vaccine Requirement for U.S. Military
• How Cells Turn Mechanical Forces Into Biochemical Signals
• Children's Hospital Los Angeles Research Faculty Spotlight: Jessica Sheth Bhutada, MD, MS
• Male Infertility Linked To Cancer Risk
• Video Game Training Sharpens ER Doctors’ Split-Second Decisions
• Bullying, Politics Harm Mental Health Of Gender-Diverse Teens
• Napping Linked To Higher Risk Of Death Among Seniors, Study Finds
• Mind-Controlled Bionic Suit Lets Paralyzed Patients Feel Every Step
• Hidden Belly Fat Linked to Bladder Control in Women
• How Acupuncture Rewires Neuro-Immune Circuits to Treat Disease at Its Root
• Separating Signal From Noise: How African Biostatisticians Are Reshaping the Fight Against Malaria
• Early Immune Responses Linked to Protective HIV Antibodies
• Nasal Spray Could Transform Treatment of Deadly Cerebral Malaria, a Master's Student Finds
• Ward Rounds to the Lab and Back Again: The Life of a WADDP Clinician/Researcher
• Comparable Vitamin B6 Levels Found Between Nonalcoholic and Conventional Beers

April 21 2026

• Anxiety Regulated by Key Signal in Brain Immune Cells
• Cellular Neighborhoods Inside Tumors May Predict Which Patients with Melanoma Benefit From Combination Immunotherapy
• National Asthma and Allergy Awareness Month, World Asthma Day
• UChicago Hosts International Meeting to Develop Unified Classification for Blood Cancers
• FDA 'Healthy' Label Encourages Healthier Snack Choices and Influences What Consumers Are Willing to Pay, According to New Study
• Federal Housing Assistance May Lead to Improved Two-Year Survival Among Older People with Prostate Cancer
• Children's Hospital Los Angeles Opens In-Hospital Family Pantry, Offering Nutritious Food and Expanding Access to Accept SNAP/EBT
• C. Diff Study Enrolling Patients Over 65 at Increased Risk of Infection
• Drug Lifts 'Brain Fog' From Lupus Patients: Clinical Trial
• Redo Surgical Mitral Valve Replacement Shows Long-Term Survival Advantage Over Transcatheter Valve-in-Valve
• Children’s Activity Cubes Recalled Over Choking Hazard Risk
• Study Finds AI Chatbots Can Give Misleading Health Advice
• Former Surgeon General Backs CDC Nominee, But Questions Remain on Vaccines
• Cantaloupes Recalled in Four States Due to Salmonella Risk
• Bullying and Adverse Social Climate Take Measurable Toll on Mental Health of Gender-Diverse Youth
• AACR: Novel Approach Prevents Cancer Progression, Spares Surgery for Majority of Patients with Precancerous Oral Lesions
• JMIR Report: Can Remote Monitoring Fix Hospital Overcrowding?
• Less-Dangerous Painkiller Still Has High Risk For Drug Interactions
• Black Women Hit Hardest By Pandemic-Related Rise In Pregnancy-Related Deaths
• Powerful Antibiotic Combo Not Necessary For Simple Sinus Infections, Study Shows
• Service Dogs Perform Tasks Akin To Human Caregivers, Researchers Say
• A Third Of Young Adults Are Couch Potatoes, Their Parents Say
• Smoking, Vaping Weed Increases Risk Of Asthma Attacks Among Young Adults, Study Finds
• Silence in Healthcare Still Kills: Communication Failures Continue to Threaten Patients and Healthcare Innovation
• Gaps in Pediatric Burn Care Must Be Addressed

April 20 2026

• Dana-Farber Phase 2 Trial Shows Deep and Lasting Responses to CAR T-Cell Therapy for High-Risk Smoldering Multiple Myeloma
• Are Your Staffing Metrics Enough? New Research on Patient Falls Says Maybe Not
• Mini Brain-like Structures Grown in Lab May Help Scientists Treat, Diagnose and Stage Alzheimer's Disease
• UTSW Research: Kidney Stones, Cancer Diagnoses, and Brain Injury
• Measuring the 'Empty Tank': Pilot Study Gauges Muscle Energy in Cancer Survivors
• Millions Suffering Needlessly with Curable Hepatitis C
• Combining Cannabis with Opioids Offers No Added Pain Relief for Knee Arthritis Patients
• Spring Allergy Season is Here: What to Expect and How to Find Relief from RWJBarnabas Health
• Scientists Find People with Severe Obesity and Heart Failure Have Weakened Heart Muscle Contractions. Weight Loss May Reverse This Condition
• JAMA Review by Roswell Park Experts Details Rising Endometrial Cancer Rates, Impact of New Precision Treatments
• Interdisciplinary Care is a Promising Approach for Pediatric Patients with Long-COVID
• Severe Childhood Malaria Linked to Cognitive Impairment Later in Life
• New AI framework offers reliable, cost-effective prediction of PIK3CA mutations in breast cancer
• AACR 2026: Real-World Data Show Targeted Therapy Extends Survival in Aggressive Form of Colorectal Cancer
• Can This "Living Knee" Revolutionize Joint Replacement?
• Implanted Nerve Stimulation for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Found to Be Safe and Effective in New Trial
• Physical Therapy Provides Modest Improvements for Chronic Low Back Pain
• ACP Finds Performance Measure for Migraine Headache Inadequate to Improve Patient Care
• ACP says 340B Drug Pricing Program Must Be Reformed to Better Patient Health
• AIDS Relief Program Sees Drops in Testing and Diagnoses After Disruptions
• New KIR-CAR T Cell Therapy Shows Promise in Multiple Solid Cancers
• Report Finds Drug Prices Rising Despite Trump Pricing Deals
• Trump Backs Psychedelic Research
• Baby Food Recalled After Rat Poison Discovered in Jar
• AACR: New platform uses machine learning to predict responses in patients with lung cancer
• JMIR Report: Can AI and Wearables Fix the "Broken" Pain Scale?
• Clinical Trial Suggests Two Simple Ways To Fight Chemo-Related Brain Fog
• E-Cigarette Taxes Won't Necessarily Cause An Increase In Smoking, Study Says
• Weed Blunts Brain Development In Teens
• Dreams Affect Your Morning Mood In Surprising Ways, Study Finds
• Naloxone's OD-Reversing Powers Challenged By Today's Opioids, Tests Show
• Extra Antibiotic Doesn't Reduce Infection Risk During Surgery To Fix Complex Fractures, Trial Finds
• Dana-Farber Phase 1 Study Explores Toxicity Reduction in Combination of Trastuzumab Deruxtecan and Olaparib in Advanced HER2-Expressing Malignancies
• AACR: Zedoresertib and Lunresertib Combination Shows Promising Antitumor Activity
• 1 in 3 Parents Say Their Young Adult Children Don't Get Enough Physical Activity

April 19 2026

• Largest U.S. Study Finds Teen Cannabis Use Linked to Slower Cognitive Development
• New Clues Explain Why Immunotherapy Fails in Pancreatic Cancer

April 18 2026

• Does My Child Have a Language Disorder?

April 17 2026

• Dana-Farber Researchers to Present More Than 50 Research Studies at American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2026
• New Study Finds Weight Loss Causes Significant Muscle Loss
• New ACP Breast Cancer Screening Guidelines Are a Step Backward that May Cost Lives
• Mayo Clinic Researchers Outline a New Era of Personalized Care for Patients with Meningioma
• AACR: Clinical Trial Presentations Feature Advances Across Cancer Care
• Two scientists to receive 2026 Ralph L. Sacco Scholarships for Brain Health
• Eating Fruits, Vegetables and Whole Grains May Increase Chance of Early Onset Lung Cancer
• New Sylvester Data Portal Combines Multi-Sourced Clinical and Genomic Data Into Unified Platform
• Tip Sheet: Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center at AACR Annual Meeting
• AACR 2026: Sylvester-Founded FL CARES Network Aims to Transform Statewide Cancer Research
• New Weight Loss Research Questions Need for GLP-1 Drugs
• Trump Names CDC Director Pick
• Rising Colon Cancer Deaths Hit Younger Adults Without Degrees Hardest
• FDA To Review Whether To Allow More Access To Certain Peptides
• New guidance from ACP says all average-risk females aged 50-74 should undergo biennial mammography screening for breast cancer
• New Guidance From ACP Says All Average-Risk Females Aged 50-74 Should Undergo Biennial Mammography Screening for Breast Cancer
• AI Scribe Tools Produce Lower Quality Medical Notes Compared to Human Clinicians
• Common Obesity Medications Lead to Higher Muscle Loss Than Other Weight Loss Interventions, Review Finds
• Most People Would Take A Blood Test For Alzheimer's, Study Says
• The Antioxidant Glutathione Discovered to Play a Key Role in Proper Protein Folding
• Memory Problems? Your Salt Intake Could Make Matters Worse, Study Says
• Ultra-Processed Foods Linked To Fatty Muscles, Potential Knee Arthritis
• This Sexually Transmitted Infection Linked To Heart Attack, Stroke
• New Depression Treatment Matches ECT with Less Memory Loss, Study Says
• How Playtime at Age 2, Especially with Parents, Shapes Teen Fitness Habits
• Family-Led Firearm Strategy Goes 'Beyond the Screen' to Curb Suicide Risk
• Breast Cancer Special Issue Spotlights AI While Widening the View of Precision Care
• Children's Hospital Los Angeles Pediatrician-Approved Screen Time Guidelines for Kids at Every Age

April 16 2026

• University of Kentucky Study Finds Barriers to Hormone Therapy for Patients with Cervical Cancer
• Reproductive Justice Framework Essential to Addressing Inequities in High-risk Pregnancy Care
• mRNA Vaccines Follow Unconventional Immune Path to Destroy Tumors
• Mayo Clinic Researchers Present Advances in Immunotherapy, Biomarkers and Tumor Biology at AACR 2026
• Programming the Immune System to Manufacture Its Own Therapeutic Proteins
• Will Artificial Intelligence Replace Human Scientists?
• For Regrowing Human Limbs, This Salamander Gene Could Hold the Key
• New Children's Hospital Los Angeles Study Explores Expanded Diagnostic Capabilities of Aqueous Humor Liquid Biopsy
• Cutting Calories to Slow Aging--Without Compromising Health
• Overlooked Brain Connections Hold Clues to Cognition and Mental Health
• Beyond the Dialysis Machine: Shaping the Future of Kidney and Cardiovascular Health
• After the ICU, Some Older Adults Less Likely to Receive Home-Based Rehabilitation
• One Lot of Xanax Recalled Nationwide Over Quality Issue, FDA Says
• Rising ACA Costs Leave Many Unable To Pay for Coverage
• Cough Drops From Several Brands Being Recalled, FDA Says
• CDC May Get New Leader as Officials Consider Erica Schwartz
• Neurobiologists Hack Brain Circuits Tied to Placebo Pain Relief
• New Mapping Model Can Help Cities Efficiently Deploy Blood Resources to Patients Most in Need
• New Alzheimer's Drugs Provide No Meaningful Benefit, Major Evidence Review Concludes
• Mayo Clinic Q&A: Diet Tips During Cancer Treatment
• This Simple Step Could Improve The Benefits From Your Regular Workouts
• E-Bikes And E-Scooters A Growing Menace On City Streets, Study Says
• Why Walking Remains Unsteady After Partial Spinal Cord Injury
• Study Says Stress, Weight And Hormones Alter Timing of Puberty in Girls
• Air Pollution and Weather Tied to Migraines
• Neurons Store and Burn Lipids, Not Just Glucose
• Study Challenges Decades-Old Puzzle About Childhood Body Fat
• First-Line Targeted Therapy Shows Antitumor Activity in Patients with Advanced Lung Cancer
• How Gut Bacteria and Acute Stress Are Linked
• UCLA Scientists Identify Zombie Immune Cells as a Driver of Fatty Liver Disease, Inflammation and Aging

April 15 2026

• 3D Tumor Organoids Give Brain Tumor Researchers New Scientific Opportunities
• Novel Tool Could Identify New Therapeutic Targets in Complex Diseases Like Cancer
• Black Maternal Health Week: Equity on Path to Pregnancy
• Caribbean Nursing Challenges: Top Health Officials Call for Urgent Regional Action to Stabilize Workforce
• E-Cigarette Taxes Reduce Vaping Without Increasing Adult Smoking, New Study Finds
• CRISPR Variant Selectively Targets Tumor DNA
• First Continent-Wide Map of Dominant Avian Influenza Strain Explains Its Spread
• Bone Cancer Drug Clinical Trial for Children, Young Adults Launches
• All 50 episodes of the Big Ideas Lab now available on LLNL podcast page
• Diagnosing Dementia: Neuroimaging Technique Could Speed Detection
• Making Music to Treat Symptoms of Psychosis
• Large U.S. Trial Finds No Added Benefit From Combination Antibiotic to Prevent Infections After Surgery for Complex Leg Fractures
• Seragon Publishes Data for Longevity Drug Srn-901 Showing Significant Lifespan and Healthspan Extension
• New Anti-Clotting Medication Lowers Risk of Stroke Without Added Bleeding
• Air Pollution Associated with Increased Migraine Activity
• Raising Vaping Taxes Reduces Teen Nicotine Use - for Some
• EPA Delays Decisions on 'Forever Chemicals'
• Wildlife Trade Tied To Higher Risk of Diseases Spreading to Humans
• Yes, This is the Worst Pollen Season Ever — Until Next Year
• New Weight Loss Pill Gets Approval But FDA Seeks More Safety Data
• JMIR Report: Why Mental Health Tech Needs Systems, Not Just Tools
• Drive-Thru Event Bringing Cancer Prevention Directly to Nebraskans
• An Infectious Combo Triples Risk Of MS, Study Says
• Blood Test Predicts Alzheimer's Years Before Symptoms, Brain Changes
• Silent Heart Rhythm Problem Might Triple Risk Of Heart Failure In Seniors
• The Medical Minute: Preserving Fertility for the Future: What Are My Options?
• Does Your Child Have A Concussion? These Are The Signs, Review Says
• 'Food-as-Medicine' Improves Life for Heart Failure Patients
• AI Reveals Negative Labels in Medical Records for Sickle Cell Patients
• Case Western Reserve University awarded $6.2M to identify new targets to treat Alzheimer's disease
• Here's What Allergists Want You to Know During Asthma and Allergy Awareness Month
• Blood Test Predicts Kidney Failure Risk to Black Americans Years Before Onset

April 14 2026

• Blood-Based DNA Signals May Help Track Osteosarcoma in Children
• The Cause of Hydrocephalus Reconsidered
• University Hospitals Now Offering New Therapy for Refractory Ventricular Tachycardia
• Focused Ultrasound Neuromodulation Reveals a Role of the Brain's Amygdala
• Dear AI, I'm Autistic; Should I Go to This Party?
• Histotripsy Clinical Trial for BPH Begins in Hong Kong
• CMS MIPS Quality Measures are "Topped Out" when Over 90% of Eligible Physicians Have Never Reported their Performance
• CHLA Faculty Spotlight Innovation at Cardiology 2026 in Arizona
• Breast Cancer Care: Merging Global Standards with Regional Adaptations
• AACR: UT MD Anderson Shares Latest Breakthroughs in Cancer Research
• Pregnancy-Related Deaths Rose During Pandemic, Remain Elevated for Black Women, Study Finds
• Unlocking Secrets of Human Development: How Early Nerve Cell Choices Shape the Peripheral Nervous System
• Penn Medicine at the AACR Annual Meeting 2026
• In Older Adults, Fragmented Circadian Rest-Activity Rhythms Linked to Faster Brain Shrinkage Over Time
• Meat Consumption Rises as Protein Trend Grows, Experts Warn
• Nuts.com Recalls 10,000+ Pounds of Candy Over Allergy Risk
• Sam’s Club Recalls Children’s Pajamas Due to Fire Hazard
• Small Talk? It May Be Better Than You Think
• UAlbany Atmospheric Scientist Contributes to International Study on Contrail Formation
• Targeting Stem-Like Cells in Colorectal Cancer
• Long-Term Opioid Prescriptions Fall By About A Quarter
• Marriage's Hidden Benefit? A Lower Risk Of Cancer
• Young Cancer Survivors Face Doubled Risk Of Subsequent New Cancer
• Gut Bacteria Might Drive Rare Food Allergy in Children, Study Finds
• Stents Can Ease Long-Term Symptoms Of Deep Vein Thrombosis, Trial Shows
• Roswell Park Launches Exclusive CD83 CAR T-Cell Clinical Trial for Patients with Relapsed or Refractory AML
• Does Your Child Have Nightmares? Here's One Solution

April 13 2026

• Chemicals Found in Tap Water Could Harm Embryos
• Study Explores Why Fasting Can Lead to a Longer Lifespan
• Study Links Common, Treatable Ear Conditions to Higher Odds of Dementia and Finds Treatment May Help
• Researchers Discover What May Be the Root Cause of Preeclampsia, and How to Fix It
• Roswell Park Teams Bring Latest Real-World Data, New Strategies to Treat Aggressive Cancers to AACR 2026
• Researchers Identify New Genetic Disease That Interferes with Brain Development
• Study Based on National Registry Finds Strong Outcomes for Transcatheter Tricuspid Valve Replacement
• New Study Shows Limitations of Naloxone in Reversing Overdoses from Powerful Synthetic Opioids
• Why Extended Postpartum Medicaid Coverage During Pandemic Led to Gains in Enrollment
• How Neighborhood Amenities and Infrastructure May Slow Cognitive Decline Among Older Immigrants
• After Brain Trauma, a Diabetes Drug Points to a New Neuroprotection Strategy
• Compound Reduces Brain Swelling and Inflammation After Traumatic Brain Injury
• Shorter Antibiotic Courses Show Similar Outcomes to Longer Use for Some Pneumonia Patients
• Experts Debate the Management of a Patient with Frequent Migraine Headaches
• Second Meningitis Vaccine Doses Offered After U.K. Outbreak
• Crackdown on Vapes Falling Short, Report Finds
• New Rules May Allow Broader Picks for CDC Vaccine Panel
• Jasmine Rice Recalled Nationwide Over Possible Contamination
• Study Demonstrates the Impact of Traumatic Brain Injury in Children Extends Beyond Initial Injury
• Opioid Use Stigma May Underlie Clinician Biases Towards Patients with Sickle Cell Disease
• Minimally Invasive Procedure Offers New Hope for Patients with Complications From Blood Clots
• Radon Gas Increases Risk Of Ovarian Cancer, Study Says
• Losing Teeth May Lead to Weight Gain, Researchers Report
• Thinking About A GLP-1 Drug? Your Genetics Might Determine How Well You'll Fare
• Fighting High Blood Pressure? Having A Team On Your Side Can Help
• Heart Risk Worse With Sleep Apnea That Varies Night-By-Night
• Your Doctor Might Be Using The Wrong Test To Track Your Cholesterol, Study Says
• American Heart Association Backs New Research That Could Transform Cardiac Outcomes for Hundreds of Thousands of Americans
• Landmark Study Led by Roswell Park Expert Shows Survival Benefit of Immunotherapy in Resistant Ovarian Cancer
• New Study Hints at the Cause of a Painful Skin Condition--and at a Long-Awaited Potential Treatment
• A StbZIP53-like2-StERF091 Module Regulates the Browning of Fresh-Cut Potatoes

April 12 2026

• How to Limit The Health Risks Posed by Polluted Air